TMA Blog Stories
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A Museum Blog
By Previous Collections Research Fellow Gabriella Moreno
“This difficult miracle starts with nothing more than what most of us call dirt: with clay.” Talking with the Clay. The Art of Pueblo Pottery
To describe the art of Indigenous pottery as a ‘difficult miracle’ is to convey its duality as an art form that is at once fleeting and incredibly resilient. As I reflect on my time at the Tucson Museum of Art (March 2022 – March 2023) as a research fellow, and moments spent in company with the historic vessels in our care, there seems no better way to honor the vibrant materiality and living history of pottery than to acknowledge the difficult miracle of its most essential component: clay. Gathered from the earth and prepared carefully through an extensive process of drying, soaking, and kneading, clay becomes vessel in the potter’s hands—a living, breathing body with a history and story all its own. For the past year TMA’s research, collection’s care, and community engagement team have studied these vessels carefully, wondering about their stories. While certain clues about these stories have surfaced—most notably aspects of their material composition and visible remnants of the passage of time—other and more intimate narrative coils have remained beyond us.
What the clay reveals of itself is evidence of its resilience. Clay can be soft or hard, porous, or vitreous (a glass-like appearance), tempered with sparkling minerals or crushed bits of broken pottery, and sealed to hold water, not absorbed but filled into its body, waiting to be poured. When fired, the ‘difficult’ clay can shrink and crack or even burst, just as fragile as it is strong. Clay serves as a surface for design, its form and texture often determining the course and fluency of a potter’s brush and the forms that emerge from it. Clay’s resilience, however, is also its stubbornness, its difficulty, and its resolve. Santa Clara potter Rose Naranjo once characterized clay’s strength of spirit as a creative kind of selfishness saying, “the clay is very selfish. It will form itself to what the clay wants to be.” Just as it is self-determined in the course of reaching its final form, guiding the potter’s intuition, clay has also guided the rhythm of our research.
It has led us to discover glittering trails of mica illuminating the surface of an ancestral Hohokam vessel, glimmering through and across darkened fire clouds; it has drawn our eye to thick traces of glaze paint running along the body of a Rio Grande jar, and to the patterned surface of an Acoma water jar, articulate in its fine-lined curves, geometric forms, and vegetal motifs. For all that clay has compelled us to see, it has also quietly retreated, certain stories and memories kept to itself, not meant for us to know nor accessible through traditional methods in collections research. This quietude is, in my mind, the difficult miracle of clay. These earthen bodies have taught me to be comfortable in the unknown, to question histories and forms of research that claim certitude, and to set aside my own voice so as to let that of the clay, and of its relatives, speak.
1 Stephen Trimble, Talking with the Clay. The Art of Pueblo Pottery (Santa Fe: SAR Press, 1987), 9.
2 Rose Naranjo quoted in Talking with the Clay, 13. Rose was a respected Santa Clara potter and matriarch to an extended family of artists and potters including Nora Naranjo Morse, Roxanne Swentzell, and Rose B. Simpson.
“Este difícil milagro comienza con nada más que lo que la mayoría de nosotros llamamos tierra: con arcilla”. Talking with the Clay. The Art of Pueblo Pottery
Describir el arte de la cerámica indígena como un “milagro difícil” es transmitir su dualidad como una forma de arte que es a la vez fugaz e increíblemente resistente. Mientras reflexiono sobre mi tiempo en el Museo de Arte de Tucson (marzo de 2022 – marzo de 2023) como investigadora y sobre los momentos que pasé en compañía de las vasijas históricas, a nuestro cuidado. No parece haber mejor manera de honrar la materialidad vibrante y la historia viva de la cerámica que a través del reconocimiento del difícil milagro de su componente más esencial: la arcilla. La misma que es recogida de la tierra y preparada, cuidadosamente, mediante un extenso proceso de secado, remojo y amasado. La arcilla se convierte en un recipiente en las manos del alfarero: un cuerpo vivo que respira con una historia propia. Durante el año pasado, el equipo de investigación, cuidado de colecciones y participación comunitaria de TMA estudió, cuidadosamente, estas vasijas y se preguntó acerca de sus historias. Si bien han surgido ciertas pistas sobre estas historias (sobre todo aspectos de su composición material y restos visibles del paso del tiempo), otras narrativas espirales más íntimas han permanecido fuera de nuestro alcance.
Lo que la arcilla revela de sí misma es la evidencia de su resiliencia. La arcilla puede ser blanda o dura, porosa o vítrea (una apariencia de vidrio), templada con minerales brillantes o trozos triturados de cerámica rota y sellada para retener el agua, no absorbida sino llenada en su cuerpo, esperando ser vertida. Cuando se cuece, la “difícil” arcilla puede encogerse, agrietarse o incluso estallar, siendo tan frágil como fuerte. La arcilla sirve como superficie para el diseño; su forma y textura a menudo determinan el curso y la fluidez del pincel de un alfarero y las formas que emergen de él. Sin embargo, la resiliencia de la arcilla es también su terquedad, su dificultad y su determinación. La alfarera de Santa Clara, Rose Naranjo una vez caracterizó la fuerza espiritual de la arcilla como una forma creativa de egoísmo y dijo: “la arcilla es muy egoísta. La arcilla se formará en lo que esta quiere ser”. Así como la arcilla se autodetermina en el proceso de alcanzar su forma final, guiando la intuición del alfarero, la arcilla también ha guiado el ritmo de nuestra investigación.
Nos ha llevado a descubrir brillantes rastros de mica que iluminan la superficie de una vasija ancestral Hohokam, brillando a través de nubes de fuego oscuras; ha atraído nuestra atención hacia trazos gruesos de pintura vidriada que recorren el cuerpo de una vasija de Río Grande y hacia la superficie estampada de una vasija de agua de Acoma, articulada en sus curvas de líneas finas, formas geométricas y motivos vegetales. A pesar de todo lo que la arcilla nos ha obligado a ver, también se ha retirado silenciosamente, ciertas historias y recuerdos guardados para sí mismos, no destinadas a que las conozcamos ni accesibles, a través de métodos tradicionales en la investigación de colecciones. En mi opinión, esta quietud es el difícil milagro del barro. Estos cuerpos de tierra me han enseñado a sentirme cómoda en lo desconocido, a cuestionar historias y formas de investigación que reclaman certeza y a dejar de lado mi propia voz para dejar que la arcilla y sus parientes hablen.
1 Stephen Trimble, Talking with the Clay. The Art of Pueblo Pottery (Santa Fe: SAR Press, 1987), 9.
2 Rose Naranjo, citada en Talking with the Clay, 13. Rose era una respetada alfarera de Santa Clara y matriarca de una extensa familia de artistas y alfareros, entre ellos Nora
Naranjo Morse, Roxanne Swentzell y Rose B. Simpson.
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